Climate change

GHG removals (tCO₂eq per year)

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GHG emissions (tCO₂eq) 

*Market-based approach

Check out Klabin’s GHG Inventory results, considering the Company’s total emissions (industrial and forestry) in its Public Emissions Registry.

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Gross and biogenic direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) (tonCO₂e) 

In 2024, Klabin recorded a 13.2% reduction in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions compared to the base year (2022) for the target approved by SBTi. The change in Scope 1 emissions compared to the previous year was associated with the stabilization of operations. 

The Company monitors its emission indicators on a monthly basis during critical analysis meetings, covering 100% of its industrial operations. These meetings focus on advancing the continuous improvement process and reducing specific greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂eq). In addition, opportunities to contribute to increasing the use of renewable fuels in operations are continuously evaluated. 

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Percentage of emissions covered by regulations

The Company’s plants in Angatuba, Piracicaba, Jundiaí, Franco da Rocha, Suzano and Paulínia (in the state of São Paulo) and all its plants in the state of Paraná are covered by the respective state environmental agency’s regulatory system, including the requirement to publish annual greenhouse gas emissions records.

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Energy indirect (Scope 2) GHG emissions (ton CO₂e)

In 2020, the Company decided to use the market-based methodology as the main method for measuring indirect (Scope 2) emissions.

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Other indirect (Scope 3) GHG emissions (ton CO₂e)

In 2024, there was a 17.4% reduction in absolute Scope 3 emissions compared to the base year (2022) for the target approved by SBTi. The main contributions to this result were related to the expansion of internal forestry operations, yielding significant gains in productivity and efficiency, together with advances in the Programa de Engajamento da Cadeia de Valor (Value Chain Engagement Program). This initiative focuses on strengthening the commitments of suppliers and clients and encouraging their ongoing efforts in the joint decarbonization journey, promoting improvements in data quality and emissions management throughout the chain.

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Methodology used to calculate indicators 

The methodology used to calculate the indicators, including emission factors and global warming potential (GWP), is that of the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program. 

• The operational control approach was adopted for consolidating emissions, in accordance with GHG Protocol guidelines. 

• GHGs included in the calculation of direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scopes 2 and 3) emissions: CO₂, N₂O, CH4 and HCFCs. 

• Chosen base year: 2003, the first year in which the Company quantified its CO₂ emissions. 

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GHG emission reduction targets

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Comments on overall performance in 2024

Since 2023, Klabin has quantified its direct emissions (Scope 1 + Scope 2) per ton of products produced, using the methodology of the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program. In this period, specific direct emissions have been reduced by 70%, reaching 137.5 kg CO₂eq per ton of products in 2024. 

As detailed in the previous sections, the Company cut its absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 13.2% and its absolute Scope 3 emissions by 17.4% compared to the base year (2022). With regard to Scope 3 emissions, the main contributions to the reduction are related to the expansion of the Company’s own forestry operations, in addition to advances in the Programa de Engajamento da Cadeia de Valor (Value Chain Engagement Program).

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Reductions in combined activities

The rationale is linked to savings resulting from the start of production at the Piracicaba II Plant (as part of the Figueira Project), a modern and more energy-efficient facility.

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Emissions from products classified as low carbon or that enable third parties to avoid GHG emissions 

For low-carbon products, the rationale is the total CO₂ removals from planted forests. Emissions avoided for third parties are based on the volume of energy sold from renewable sources compared to the same amount from fossil fuels.

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Organization's internal carbon price

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Performance evolution

The Company’s performance results in terms of air quality, expressed as a percentage, are assessed considering total air emissions (in metric tons per hour of operation) compared to the benchmark values, based on the limits established by environmental laws for each emission source.

Note: The benchmark emission loads for the evaluated parameters consider the operating flow rate of the Company’s equipment and the legal limits established for each parameter of air emission sources. 

**The performance benchmark presented is the sum of the loads of all equipment in operation considered relevant in terms of emissions (involving both paper and pulp). 

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Air emissions of NOx, SOx and other significant emissions

In 2024, Klabin continued to comply with 100% of the legal limits for air emissions and achieved overall figures below the regulatory benchmarks applicable to its operations. The results for air emissions showed mostly minor variations compared to previous years. These fluctuations were linked to the commissioning and startup of expansion projects, such as the completion of the Puma II Project at the Ortigueira Plant in Paraná. 

Klabin applies federal legal requirements to all its emission sources, except at plants where there are specific state laws and/or emission limits specified in environmental licenses, which are more stringent. Emission limits are based on the legislation of the state where each unit is located. 

As part of its strategic planning, the Company carries out actions that contribute to reducing its air emissions. This is exemplified by ongoing technological enhancements to air emission control equipment, including as part of a project to modernize the recovery boiler at the Monte Alegre Plant in Paraná and an upgrade to the air emission control system for the lime kiln at the Otacílio Costa Plant in Santa Catarina. 

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Emission factors, standards, methodologies and assumptions

Emission factors consist of the sum of the results of isokinetic monitoring of air emissions from paper and pulp operations. This information is obtained from sampling reports produced by third-party laboratories accredited to perform this service. For these gases, concentrations and flow rates are measured directly in the stacks. This allows the emission load to be calculated and totaled to provide a reference for the operations of all equipment. 

Sampling is carried out in accordance with the standards of the Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT), as well as the isokinetic monitoring methodology and other references from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB). Persistent organic pollutants and hazardous air pollutants are not currently subject to legal requirements for the business.

See the Climate Transition Plan.

In 2024, Klabin recorded 137.5 kg CO2eq of direct emissions (Scopes 1 and 2) per metric ton of products. Since 2003, the Company has achieved a reduction of over 70% in GHG emission intensity (Scopes 1 and 2), resulting from intensified investments and the adoption of low-carbon technologies. There was also a 13.2% decrease in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions and a 17.4% drop in Scope 3 emissions, compared to the base year (2022), associated with the target approved by SBTi. 

The Ortigueira plant engages its employees through its Internal Energy Conservation Committee, which seeks opportunities to reduce energy, steam and compressed air consumption and to eliminate waste. The site has ISO 50001:2018 certification for its Energy Management System and conducts regular internal and external audits on the subject. The Company’s other industrial plants control and monitor their energy indicators in accordance with ISO 14001 certification. 

With a focus on reducing emissions, Klabin is also committed to producing renewable energy and progressively increasing its energy supplies from renewable sources, mainly biomass and black liquor. Sixty-five percent of the total electricity consumed by the Company comes from self-generated thermal and hydraulic sources. The remainder is purchased from the national grid, from 100% renewable sources. See more in Energy Use.  

The Company continues to prioritize solutions that contribute to the decarbonization of its operations, and the results achieved to date reflect this commitment. Klabin’s Guidelines for Climate Change Management – Adaptation and Mitigation detail the Company’s environmental and climate change management and its measures to promote energy efficiency. 

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Mechanisms and actions adopted

Klabin uses a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to assess technologies aimed at reducing carbon emissions in the medium and long term. This tool allows for the prioritization of climate mitigation and resilience measures, organized by a single, comprehensive metric: the economic cost of reducing emissions. It is possible to evaluate and compare the cost of regulation versus the cost of investing in low-carbon technology, clarifying whether it is most economically advantageous to invest in low-carbon technologies, pay a carbon tax or purchase a permit to emit.

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Risks related to the targets

The risk of inconsistent results in the climate agenda may impact Klabin’s image and business, resulting in investment losses. These risks are integrated into the risk management assessment and are constantly updated at meetings between members of the Sustainability Committee, the Risk and Internal Controls Committee and the Board of Directors, who discuss changes and contribute to the topic. 

The Company also has significant public climate-related commitments, such as compliance with TCFD guidelines and adherence to the Global Business Ambition for 1.5°C campaign and UN Global Compact, in addition to the Klabin Sustainable Development Goals (KODS).