Climate change

GHG removals (tCO₂eq per year)

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GHG emissions (tCO₂eq) 

*Market-based approach

Check out Klabin’s GHG Inventory results, considering the Company’s total emissions (industrial and forestry) in its Public Emissions Registry.

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Gross and biogenic direct GHG emissions (Scope 1) (tonCO₂e) 

The Company continues to prioritize the search for solutions that contribute significantly to the decarbonization of its operations. The 2024 results reflect this commitment, with a 13.2% reduction in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions compared to the target base year approved by the SBTi.  

In the last year, there were no significant changes in the Company's production process. The fluctuation in Scope 1 emissions compared to the previous year is associated with the stabilization of operations after the completion of its expansion cycle. To determine the Scope 1 target for 2024, the emissions results for 2023 were considered, aligning with the Company's strategic planning for the following years and the goals approved by the SBTi.  

The management of emissions indicators, as well as fuel consumption results, are monitored monthly through critical analysis agendas involving 100% of industrial operations, with the aim of advancing the process of continuous improvement and reduction of the company's specific greenhouse gas emissions (CO2eq).  

In addition, the company continues to evaluate opportunities in its climate transition plan that contribute to increasing the use of renewable fuels in all its operations. 

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Percentage of emissions covered by regulations

The Company’s plants in Angatuba, Piracicaba, Jundiaí, Franco da Rocha, Suzano and Paulínia (in the state of São Paulo) and all its plants in the state of Paraná are covered by the respective state environmental agency’s regulatory system, including the requirement to publish annual greenhouse gas emissions records.

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Energy indirect (Scope 2) GHG emissions (ton CO₂e)

The annual goal for Dedicated eletricity purchases (market based) is 6,534.55 tonCO₂e.

In 2020, the Company decided to use the market-based approach as the main method for measuring indirect (Scope 2) emissions. In 2024, Klabin verified its purchase of electricity from renewable sources through IRECS issued by Eletrobras, which enabled the company to achieve 100% renewable energy purchases and a consequent reduction in Scope 2 emissions.

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Other indirect (Scope 3) GHG emissions (ton CO₂e)

In 2024, there was a 17.4% reduction in absolute Scope 3 emissions compared to the base year (2022) for the target approved by SBTi. The main contributions to this result were related to the expansion of internal forestry operations, yielding significant gains in productivity and efficiency, together with advances in the Programa de Engajamento da Cadeia de Valor (Value Chain Engagement Program). This initiative focuses on strengthening the commitments of suppliers and clients and encouraging their ongoing efforts in the joint decarbonization journey, promoting improvements in data quality and emissions management throughout the chain.

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Methodology used to calculate indicators 

The methodology used to calculate the indicators, including emission factors and global warming potential (GWP), is that of the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program. 

• The operational control approach was adopted for consolidating emissions, in accordance with GHG Protocol guidelines. 

• GHGs included in the calculation of direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scopes 2 and 3) emissions: CO₂, N₂O, CH4 and HCFCs. 

• Chosen base year: 2003, the first year in which the Company quantified its CO₂ emissions.

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GHG emission reduction targets

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Comments on overall performance in 2024

Since 2003, the company has quantified its direct emissions (scope 1 + scope 2) per ton of production, following the methodology of the Brazilian GHG Protocol. Since this reference year, the company's specific direct emissions have already been reduced by 70%, reaching results of 137.5 kgCO2eq per ton of product in 2024.  

In relation to absolute emissions results, associated with the target approved by SBTi, there was a 13.2% decrease in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions and a 17.4% decrease in absolute Scope 3 emissions compared to the base year (2022). The Company continues to prioritize the search for solutions that contribute to the decarbonization of its operations, and the results achieved reflect this commitment.  

Furthermore, the reduction in Scope 3 emissions is directly related to the expansion of its own forestry operations, which has resulted in significant gains in productivity and efficiency, as well as advances in the Value Chain Engagement Program.   This program focuses on strengthening the commitment and encouraging the continuous efforts of suppliers and customers in the joint journey towards decarbonization, promoting improvements in data quality and emissions management throughout the value chain. This program focuses on strengthening commitment and encouraging the continuous efforts of suppliers and customers in the joint journey toward decarbonization, promoting improvements in data quality and emissions management throughout the supply chain. 

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Reductions in combined activities

*The rationale is linked to savings resulting from the start of production at the Piracicaba II Plant (as part of the Figueira Project), a modern and more energy-efficient facility.

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Emissions from products classified as low carbon or that enable third parties to avoid GHG emissions 

For low-carbon products, the rationale is the total CO₂ removals from planted forests. Emissions avoided for third parties are based on the volume of energy sold from renewable sources compared to the same amount from fossil fuels.

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Organization's internal carbon price

The Company adopts an internal carbon price, considered in the feasibility analyses of projects with potential for reducing GHG emissions, with a shadow price of US$ 15/tCO₂eq.  

To increase the accuracy of project impact assessments, Klabin has developed a Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC), which estimates the potential for GHG emission reductions in tCO₂eq and the cost/revenue in R$/tCO₂eq for each project analyzed.  

Since 2020, the company has adopted an internal carbon price, used in feasibility analyses of projects with potential for reducing GHG emissions. This practice allows alignment with regulatory guidelines and enables climate risk assessment, investment decisions, and the transition to a low-carbon economy, conducting cost-benefit analyses, driving energy efficiency, and promoting low-carbon investments. 

In addition, the practice of internal carbon pricing aims to consider climate -related issues in decision-making and risk assessments, as well as identifying and taking advantage of low-carbon opportunities and influencing the company's strategy and financial planning.  

These initiatives also contribute to reducing the company's own emissions and the emissions of its value chain, especially in categories 4 (upstream transportation) and 9 (downstream transportation), and to compliance with climate-related policies and goals. 

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Performance evolution

The Company’s performance results in terms of air quality, expressed as a percentage, are assessed considering total air emissions (in metric tons per hour of operation) compared to the benchmark values, based on the limits established by environmental laws for each emission source.

Note: The benchmark emission loads for the evaluated parameters consider the operating flow rate of the Company’s equipment and the legal limits established for each parameter of air emission sources. 

**The performance benchmark presented is the sum of the loads of all equipment in operation considered relevant in terms of emissions (involving both paper and pulp). 

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Air emissions of NOx, SOx and other significant emissions

In 2024, Klabin continued to comply with 100% of the legal limits for air emissions and achieved overall figures below the regulatory benchmarks applicable to its operations. The results for air emissions showed mostly minor variations compared to previous years. These fluctuations were linked to the commissioning and startup of expansion projects, such as the completion of the Puma II Project at the Ortigueira Plant in Paraná. 

Klabin applies federal legal requirements to all its emission sources, except at plants where there are specific state laws and/or emission limits specified in environmental licenses, which are more stringent. Emission limits are based on the legislation of the state where each unit is located. 

As part of its strategic planning, the Company carries out actions that contribute to reducing its air emissions. This is exemplified by ongoing technological enhancements to air emission control equipment, including as part of a project to modernize the recovery boiler at the Monte Alegre Plant in Paraná and an upgrade to the air emission control system for the lime kiln at the Otacílio Costa Plant in Santa Catarina. 

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Emission factors, standards, methodologies and assumptions

Emission factors consist of the sum of the results of isokinetic monitoring of air emissions from paper and pulp operations. This information is obtained from sampling reports produced by third-party laboratories accredited to perform this service. For these gases, concentrations and flow rates are measured directly in the stacks. This allows the emission load to be calculated and totaled to provide a reference for the operations of all equipment. 

Sampling is carried out in accordance with the standards of the Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT), as well as the isokinetic monitoring methodology and other references from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB). Persistent organic pollutants and hazardous air pollutants are not currently subject to legal requirements for the business.

See the Climate Transition Plan.

To access the Spanish version of the Climate Transition Plan, click here.

In 2024, Klabin recorded 137.5 kg CO2eq of direct emissions (Scopes 1 and 2) per metric ton of products. Since 2003, the Company has achieved a reduction of over 70% in GHG emission intensity (Scopes 1 and 2), resulting from intensified investments and the adoption of low-carbon technologies. There was also a 13.2% decrease in absolute Scope 1 and 2 emissions and a 17.4% drop in Scope 3 emissions, compared to the base year (2022), associated with the target approved by SBTi. 

The Ortigueira plant engages its employees through its Internal Energy Conservation Committee, which seeks opportunities to reduce energy, steam and compressed air consumption and to eliminate waste. The site has ISO 50001:2018 certification for its Energy Management System and conducts regular internal and external audits on the subject. The Company’s other industrial plants control and monitor their energy indicators in accordance with ISO 14001 certification. 

With a focus on reducing emissions, Klabin is also committed to producing renewable energy and progressively increasing its energy supplies from renewable sources, mainly biomass and black liquor. Sixty-five percent of the total electricity consumed by the Company comes from self-generated thermal and hydraulic sources. The remainder is purchased from the national grid, from 100% renewable sources. See more in Energy Use.  

The Company continues to prioritize solutions that contribute to the decarbonization of its operations, and the results achieved to date reflect this commitment. Klabin’s Guidelines for Climate Change Management – Adaptation and Mitigation detail the Company’s environmental and climate change management and its measures to promote energy efficiency. 

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Mechanisms and actions adopted

Klabin uses a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to assess technologies aimed at reducing carbon emissions in the medium and long term. This tool allows for the prioritization of climate mitigation and resilience measures, organized by a single, comprehensive metric: the economic cost of reducing emissions. It is possible to evaluate and compare the cost of regulation versus the cost of investing in low-carbon technology, clarifying whether it is most economically advantageous to invest in low-carbon technologies, pay a carbon tax or purchase a permit to emit.