Ecosystems and Biodiversity

Percentage of forest area dedicated to biodiversity conservation

Note 1: Productive forest areas are land areas designated for the cultivation and management of planted forests for timber production.

Note 2: Conserved forest areas are forest areas designated for the conservation of biodiversity and environmental resources.

Note 3: Areas allocated to other operational uses include other land uses, such as roads, firebreaks, ponds, buildings, and other infrastructure.

GRI-304-1 SASB-RR-FM-160a.2

Operational units located within or adjacent to Environmental Protection Areas, and High Biodiversity Value Areas located outside Environmental Protection Areas

Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN)

Klabin owns five Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs), one of which was established in 2025.

The Serra da Farofa Complex RPPN, located in the state of Santa Catarina, encompasses nearly 5,000 hectares of protected land across five municipalities: Urupema, Painel, Rio Rufino, Urubici, and Bocaina do Sul. Characterized by Araucaria forests and high-altitude grasslands, the reserve supports scientific research, natural resource management, and the conservation of ecological processes and climate regulation.

The Monte Alegre RPPN is located within Monte Alegre Farm in Telêmaco Borba, Paraná. Covering nearly 4,000 hectares, the reserve is dedicated to scientific research, biodiversity conservation, and the protection of water resources.

The Barra Mansa RPPN (Private Natural Heritage Reserve), located in the municipality of Arapoti, Paraná, comprises 218.05 hectares of conserved forest. Its predominant vegetation is Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (Araucaria Forest). Previous studies indicate that much of the vegetation is in intermediate to advanced stages of ecological succession, reflecting a well-preserved and well-developed forest ecosystem.

The Vale do Corisco RPPN is located along the Devonian Escarpment, approximately 14 km from the urban area of Sengés, Paraná. The reserve covers 507.50 hectares, of which 369.60 hectares are in the municipality of Sengés (Paraná), and 137.90 hectares are in Itararé (São Paulo). Its vegetation includes Alluvial Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, Cerrado, and Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The reserve is also home to Corisco Waterfall, a site recognized for its national geotourism significance. In 2023, the area received FSC certification for ecosystem services, recognizing that it supports representative biodiversity across a wide range of plant and animal groups.

The Samuel Klabin RPPN, established in 2025, is located in Imbaú, Paraná, and covers 168.90 hectares of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest and Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Despite its relatively small size, the reserve harbors a remarkable diversity of flora and fauna, highlighting its importance for biodiversity conservation.

ECOLOGICAL PARK

Established and managed by Klabin since 1979, the Klabin Ecological Park (PEK) encompasses 9,852 hectares, of which 91% is covered by native forests. The park was originally created to protect its exceptional natural features while ensuring the conservation of flora, fauna, scenic landscapes, and water resources. Although scientific research and environmental education were part of its original purpose, the park has expanded its role over time. Today, PEK is dedicated to promoting biodiversity conservation, wildlife rescue, care and rehabilitation, the protection of endangered species, scientific research, and environmental education.

The Park includes an area known as the Biodiversity Circuit, where 120 animals representing 35 species are housed in enclosures designed to replicate their natural habitats, providing conditions that support their well-being. The Park also plays an active role in species conservation through its rewilding programs, which help restore ecological balance by promoting the return of native species, strengthening biodiversity, and enhancing ecosystem services such as seed dispersal, forest regeneration, and natural pest control.

The Park also features an Ecological Trail that winds through the native forest, offering visitors an opportunity to experience the natural environment firsthand. In addition, the Nature Interpretation Center promotes environmental education through interactive exhibits and educational stations focused on the region's ecosystems, sustainability, and biodiversity. The Park also includes a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, animal care facilities, a veterinary clinic, a kitchen for animal food preparation, administrative offices, and accommodation for researchers.

High Conservation Value Area (HCVA)

Following extensive diagnostic assessments and stakeholder consultations, 30 High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) were identified across Klabin’s forestry units, covering a total area of nearly 25,000 hectares. Of these, 20 were recognized for their environmental attributes related to biodiversity and species conservation. These areas are characterized by forest remnants that support endemic and threatened flora and fauna, contribute to landscape-level conservation, and include threatened biomes.

GRI-304-1

Operational units comprising Environmental Protection Areas and High Biodiversity Value Areas located outside Environmental Protection Areas.

Species facing some degree of extinction risk (CR, EN, VU)

Species included on the IUCN Red List and national conservation lists whose habitats are located in areas affected by the organization's operations, categorized by extinction risk level.

*Information not reported in previous years

Biodiversity monitoring is conducted annually across Klabin’s three forestry units in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina to assess the impacts of the company’s operations on biodiversity conservation within its managed areas.

As of 2025, a cumulative total of 866 fauna species and 2,041 flora species had been identified. Of these, 774 fauna species have conservation statuses recognized by the IUCN (CR, EN, VU, NT, LC, and DD), including 26 classified as threatened with extinction (CR, EN, and VU). Among the flora, 677 species have IUCN-recognized conservation statuses (CR, EN, VU, NT, LC, and DD), of which 39 are classified as threatened (CR, EN, and VU).

Year-to-year variations in the data are primarily attributable to taxonomic revisions and updates to species conservation status classifications.

Area of habitats supporting threatened species

• Total conserved area: 373,000 ha
• Area supporting threatened species: >38,000 ha

The company's conserved areas total approximately 373,000 hectares and provide habitat for a wide range of flora and fauna, including species classified as threatened with extinction. Biodiversity monitoring data indicate that threatened species have been recorded across more than 38,000 hectares of these conserved areas, representing key habitats for species classified as Critically Endangered (CR), Threatened with Extinction (EN), and Vulnerable (VU).

Ecosystem services (ES) are the direct and indirect benefits that people derive from nature, including climate regulation, water purification, pollination, biological control, and the provision of natural resources. These services are essential to life, human well-being, forest productivity, and the long-term viability of businesses. 

Biodiversity constitutes natural capital, while ecosystem services are the benefits and products generated by that capital. The diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems underpins the functioning of natural systems and enables the continued provision of these services.

At Klabin, biodiversity is recognized as a key stakeholder on which the company has a significant impact and over which it exerts considerable influence. Accordingly, biodiversity is embedded in the company's sustainability policy and strategy. As set out in Section 7.14 of the Sustainability Policy, it guides practices aimed at conserving nature and maintaining ecological balance.

Based on this commitment, the company prioritized the 10 ecosystem services on which it most heavily relies and structured a Nature Transition Plan, the primary objective of which is to achieve a net gain in biodiversity by 2050, with interim milestones in 2030 and 2040.

One of the initiatives recognized by the FSC® is the ecosystem services declaration for the Serra da Farofa Complex RPPN (Private Natural Heritage Reserve).

The following ecosystem services are officially recognized in this area:

• Biodiversity Conservation (ES1) 
• Carbon Sequestration and Storage (ES2) 
• Watershed Protection (ES3)

Klabin was the first Brazilian company to achieve simultaneous FSC certification for these three ecosystem services. Scientific research is conducted within the RPPN to expand knowledge of the ecosystem services it provides. Following the acquisition of Arauco, Klabin also incorporated the Vale do Corisco RPPN into its portfolio of managed protected areas. This reserve holds FSC certification for the Biodiversity Conservation ecosystem service (ES1), which was originally obtained in 2023. (Certificate).

Klabin is committed to responsible biodiversity management through targets established under the 2030 Klabin Agenda (Agenda Klabin 2030), which focus on the preservation and conservation of flora and fauna. Additionally, the Company is currently developing its Biodiversity Plan. 

The Biodiversity Plan is intended to guide biodiversity-related actions through a unified approach aligned with the Company's business strategy, voluntary external commitments, and national and global biodiversity policies and strategic frameworks. It also reinforces the Company's commitment to achieving a net positive impact on biodiversity by ensuring that the effects of its activities are not only mitigated but exceeded through measures to avoid and minimize impacts, restore affected areas, enhance the quality of native vegetation, and offset any residual impacts, ultimately resulting in no net loss of biodiversity.

Historically, Klabin has managed its operations with careful consideration of the risks and impacts associated with biodiversity loss, taking into account the specific characteristics of each landscape in which it operates. One example is its mosaic planting approach, which integrates pine and eucalyptus plantations with preserved native forests. Native forests account for nearly half of the Company's total forest area, creating ecological corridors that help maintain habitats for flora and fauna while supporting soil conservation.

Starting in 2025, Klabin implemented site-specific fertilization recommendations across its eucalyptus planting program to optimize productivity while promoting the sustainable use of natural resources through high-quality planting and forestry management. These recommendations are based on the soil and climatic conditions of each planting site. During 2025, the Company also continued updating its soil mapping and expanding its network of weather stations to improve coverage and deepen its understanding of local growing conditions. Klabin currently operates 73 weather stations across its forestry operations in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. Recognizing that the long-term success of its business depends on biodiversity conservation and the ecosystem services it provides, Klabin maintains a zero-deforestation and zero-conversion policy, ensuring that native forests are not converted into plantations. The Company also maintains forest certification under the FSC® and PEFC standards.

In practice, although the Biodiversity Plan is still under development, the Company already implements a comprehensive range of actions to mitigate impacts and generate positive outcomes for biodiversity (Biodiversity – ESG Portal). Key mitigation initiatives include an invasive species management program, the development of technologies for biodiversity monitoring, and the mapping of wildlife–vehicle collision hotspots near operational areas, covering approximately 2,000 km of roads each year. Beyond mitigation, Klabin operates the Klabin Ecological Park, which is dedicated to wildlife rehabilitation, ex situ conservation, and the breeding of threatened species, supported by a specialized team of animal care and conservation professionals. The Park also promotes scientific research and environmental education programs for teachers, children, and other audiences interested in biodiversity conservation.

The Company maintains more than 25,000 hectares of High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs) and nearly 10,000 hectares of Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) within its managed lands (Biodiversity – ESG Portal). One of these protected areas, Fazenda das Nascentes, located within the Serra da Farofa Complex RPPN in Santa Catarina, holds FSC® certification for all three ecosystem services: Biodiversity Conservation (ES1), Carbon Sequestration and Storage (ES2), and Watershed Protection (ES3). Following the acquisition of Arauco, Klabin also incorporated the Vale do Corisco RPPN into its portfolio, bringing with it FSC® certification for the Biodiversity Conservation ecosystem service (ES1), originally obtained in 2023. 

In addition, Klabin has established a Sustainability-Linked Bond (SLB) with performance targets directly related to biodiversity conservation and the reinforcement of populations of endangered species (Sustainable Finance – ESG Portal). 

Nature Interpretation Center

Inaugurated in March 2019, the Nature Interpretation Center (CINAT), located within the Serra da Farofa Complex Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) in Santa Catarina, reinforces Klabin’s commitment to scientific research and biodiversity conservation. Designed and built in accordance with sustainable principles to minimize its environmental footprint, the facility can accommodate up to 40 researchers and includes heated accommodations, a dining hall, and dedicated study areas.

Celebrating its sixth anniversary in 2025, CINAT has reaffirmed its strategic role in advancing research that supports biodiversity conservation, silviculture, and sustainable forest management. The reserve is home to approximately 1,000 native species distributed across nearly 5,000 hectares of Atlantic Forest and high-altitude grasslands.

Klabin conducts research on the assessment and control of forest pests and diseases, with a focus on biological solutions. Since 2020, the Company has been developing a bio-based product for the control of leaf-cutter ants. 

Innovation and technology transfer in forest management are strategic priorities. Klabin evaluates both biotic and abiotic factors to guide the allocation of pine and eucalyptus plantations, aiming to increase productivity across the regions where it operates and to support forest expansion initiatives. The Company also maintains specialized teams dedicated to eucalyptus and pine breeding, biotechnology and clonal propagation, forest nutrition and silviculture, ecophysiology, forest protection, and wood quality. In addition, Klabin monitors advances in research on transgenic tree species and emerging biotechnological approaches. Although the Company does not use these technologies in its operations, it tracks their development to maintain compliance with its forest certification requirements.

External engagements

Klabin is a signatory to the CDP, Companies for the Climate (EPC), the GHG Protocol, and The Forests Dialogue, and is committed to a range of international initiatives through the maintenance of its forest management certifications. The Company was recognized as a leader in the CDP Forests program, receiving an A rating for its commitment to zero deforestation.

Integrated management of soil, water, and biodiversity is essential to accelerating the transition to a more sustainable future. Recognizing this and considering that land-use change driven by deforestation remains Brazil’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, Klabin published its first Nature Transition Plan in 2024.